Certificate of Academic Language Editing
This certificate confirms that the manuscript listed below has undergone professional academic language editing by qualified editors.
- grammatical accuracy and spelling,
- academic style, tone, and clarity,
- sentence structure and coherence,
- consistency with scholarly English usage.
Editorial Editing Disclosure & Ethical Statement
This manuscript received professional academic language editing only. Editing was limited to linguistic clarity and presentation in line with international publishing standards.
The following were not edited or influenced: study design, data, analyses, results, interpretations, ethical approvals, authorship, references, or claims of scientific validity.
In accordance with COPE, ICMJE, and WAME guidelines, full responsibility for the scientific content and ethical compliance rests solely with the authors. Language editing does not constitute authorship or endorsement.